Multiple choice questions on Cell Junction

1- A skin disease pemphigus, in this disease affected individuals make antibodies against one of their own non classical cadherine of desmosomes. These antibodies bind to desmosomes and disrupt it, that hold their epidermal cells (keratinocytes) together – 

a- Cause severe blistering of body fluids into the loosened epithelium  

b- Block the exchange of materials in these cells

c- Disruption of gap junction 

d- All of the above 

2- Protein claudins are essential for tight junction, mice that lack claudin-1 gene fail to make tight junction between cells epidermal layer of skin; as a result 

a- Skin become loose due to accumulation of fluid, and baby mice die

b- Skin remain normal

c- baby mice die within a day after birth, due to lose of water rapidly by evaporation through the skin

d- baby mice servive with less fluid

3- In kidney epithelial cells, a specific claudin is found which is needed to reabsorb mg++ from urine to blood, mutation in claudin gene cause 

a- Mg++ reabsorb through other protein which allow reabsorption 

b- Excessive lose of mg++ ion in the urine

c- No effect because there is no reabsorption through claudin, it’s a protein of tight junction

d- Both a & c

4- Gap junction have channel forming protein namely connexins & innexins. ----- have connexins, ----- have innexins

a- Humans, other mammals

b- Mammals, birds

c- Vertebrates, invertebrates

d- Chordates, hemichordates

5- A rare human genetic disease, deficiency of dermatan sulfate disaccharide ( a type of GAGs) the affected individuals have-

a- Short stature, a prematurely aged appearance, and generalized defects in their skin, joints, muscles, and bones.

b- Normal face & stature with a weak bone

c- Only defect in skin

d- No effect 

6- Defect / dificiency of type I collagen lead to mutant phenotype – 

a- Severe bone defects, fractures ( osteogenesis imperfecta )

b- Fragile skin

c- Cartilage deficiency, dwarfism ( chondrodysplasia )

d- Osteoarthritis  

7- Defect / deficiency of types II collagen lead to mutant phenotype –

a- Severe bone defects, fractures ( osteogenesis imperfecta )

b- Fragile skin

c- Cartilage deficiency, dwarfism ( chondrodysplasia )

d- Osteoarthritis  

8- Defect / deficiency of types III collagen lead to mutant phenotype –

a- Severe bone defects, fractures ( osteogenesis imperfecta )

b- Fragile skin, loose joint, blood vessels prone to rupture ( Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ) 

c- Cartilage deficiency, dwarfism ( chondrodysplasia )

d- Osteoarthritis  

9- Type XI collagen which fibril associates with type I, a defect or deficiency of this collagen types lead to mutant phenotype –

a- Fragile skin

b- Cartilage deficiency, dwarfism ( chondrodysplasia )

c- Osteoarthritis

d- Myopia, blindness

10- Type IX collagen which form lateral association with type II, present in -----, defect or deficiency of this collagen cause -----

a- Cartilage, osteoarthritis 

b- Bone, osteoarthritis

c- Epithelium, fragile skin

d- All of the above

Answers: 1-a, 2-c, 3-b, 4-c, 5-a, 6-a, 7-c, 8-b, 9-d, 10-a

Contributed by: Ms. Nargis K.

Multiple choice questions

1)    A synthetic nucleotide analogue, used during organ transplantation as a immunosuppressant to avoid immunologic rejection of grafts is

(A)  Theophylline

(B)   Cytarabine

(C)   6-Mercaptopurine

(D)  4-Hydroxypyrazolopyrimidine

2)    Carbonic anhydrase enzyme has maximum turn over number (i.e. 36 million). Minimum turn over number for an enzyme:

(A)  DNA polymerase

(B)   Lysozyme

(C)   Penicillase

(D)  Lactase dehydrogenase

3)    Hemolytic anemia is caused by the deficiency of a specific enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway, the principal enzyme involved is

(A)  Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

(B)   Aldolase

(C)   Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase

(D)  Phosphohexose isomerase

4)    Which of the following is a microsomal enzyme inducer?

(A)  Indomethacin

(B)   Clofibrate

(C)   Glutethamide

(D)  Tolbutamide

5)    Dry seeds survive on higher temperature than germinating seeds as

(A)  Hydration is essential for making enzymes sensitive to temperature

(B)   Dry seeds have a hard covering

(C)   Dry seeds have more reserve food

(D)  Seedlings are tender

6)    Covalent modification of an enzyme usually involves phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation of

(A)  Serine residue

(B)   Proline residue

(C)   Hydroxylysine residue

(D)  Hydroxyproline residue

7)    Which of the following enzyme typically elevated in alcoholism?

(A)  Serum ALP

(B)   Serum GOT

(C)   Serum g-GT

(D)  None

8)    The glycogen content of the liver is upto

(A)  6% (B) 8%

(B)   10% (D) 12%

9)    Acute hemolytic episode after administration of antimalarial, primaquin, is due to deficiency of the enzyme:

(A)  6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

(B)   Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

(C)   Epimerase

(D)  Transketolase

    10)  Which of the following is known as bone forming enzyme?

(E)   Alkaline phosphatase

(F)    Acid phosphatase

(G)  Leucine aminopeptidase

(H)  none

Answers 1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-C, 5-A, 6-A, 7-C, 8-B, 9-B, 10-A

Diversity analysis

Multiple choice qustions

1.   Diverticulitis is a common disease of the bowel, in particular the large intestine. Diverticulitis develops from diverticulosis, which involve the formation of pouches (diverticula)

a-     On the outside of colon

b-    On the inside of colon

c-     On the outside of caecum

d-    All

2.   Celiac disease is a disorder in which a person’s digestive system is damaged by the response of immune system to a protein -----

a-   Albumin

b-   Avidin

c-   Gluten

d-   All

3.   Inflammatory bowel disease is the chronic inflammation of the intestine which usually affect older kids, teens & adults. These are following types -----

a-     Ulcerative colitis, crohn’s disease & intermediate colitis

b-    Cholecystitis & crohn’s disease

c-     Cholestasis & cholecystisis

d-    All

4.   Ulcerative colitis usually affects just the ----- & -----, while crohn’s disease can affect the whole gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus along with some other parts of the body

a-     Small intestine & colon

b-    Colon & rectum

c-      Rectum & small intestine

d-    All

5.   Polyp, an abnormal growth of tissue (tumor projecting from mucous membrane). If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated stalk it is said to be -----, if no stalk is present it said to be -----

a-     Sessile, pedunculated

b-    Pedunculated, sessile

c-     Solitary , sessile

6.   Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, urinary bladder & uterus. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where mucous membranes exist like -----

a-   Cervix & small intestine

b-   Cervix & coelom

c-   Coelom & haemocoel

d-   None

7.   Cholecystitis is acute or chronic inflammation in the gallbladder causes abdominal pain. 90% of cases of acute cholecystitis are caused by the presence of -----. The actual inflammation is due to secondry infection with bacteria of an obstructed -----

a-   Virus, gallstone

b-   Gallstone, gallbladder

c-   Bacteria, gallstone

d-   Hepatocytes, gallstone

8.   A lethal condition of gallbladder, when a ----- block either the common bile duct or the duct leading into it from gallbladder.

a-   Liver fluik

b-   Gallstone

c-   Both

d-   None

Answer - b

9.   GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) occur when the lower esophageal sphincter is not able to -----

a-   Close properly

b-   Open properly

c-   Both

d-   None

10. Internal hemorrhoids are condition that occur inside the rectum, untreated internal hemorrhoids can laed to two sever forms of hemorrhoids -----

a-   Prolapsed & strangulated hemorrhoids

b-   Thrombosed   & prolapsed

c-   Thrombosed & & strangulated hemorrhoids

d-   All

11. GATA-2, transcription factor is necessary for the development of all hematopoietic lineages, & in absence of this factor

a-     Animal die within 2 month of birth

b-    Animal die during embryogenesis

c-     Animal survive with low immunity

d-    Animal born with low immunity but gain immunity with increasing age

12.   For self renewal of HSCs transcriptional regulator, Bmi -1 is required, absence of this factor

a-   Animal die within 2 month of birth

b-   Animal die during embryogenesis

c-   Animal survive with low immunity

d-   Animal born with low immunity but gain immunity with increasing age

13. Filarial is a disease, which is commonly occur in

a-   Subtropical & tropical countries

b-   Subtropical countries

c-   Tropical countries

d-   Polar region only

14. Lymph derived from the fluid component of blood (plasma) that seeps through capillaries into surrounding tissue. About 2.9 liters fluid seep per-day, if these fluids were not returned to circulation cause edema, a life threatening process. We do not develop such edema normally because fluid returned blood through ----- & remaining of fluid enters the delicate network primary -----

a-   Venules, lymphatic vessels

b-   Lymphatic vessels, venules

c-   Arterioles, lymphatic vessels

d-   Arterioles, venules

15. Ikaros & Notch are families of transcriptional regulators of haemopoiesis. ikaros is necessary for ----- but not for ----- development

a-   Myeloid, lymphoid

b-   Lymphoid, myeloid

c-   Erythroid, lymphoid

d-   None

16. Choice T & B lymphocytes lineages regulated by -----

a-   Ikaros

b-   Bmi 1

c-   Notch 1

d-   GATA 2

17. In autologous transplantation of stem cell

a-   The donor is genetically identical

b-   The recipient is also the donor

c-   The donor & recipient are not genetically identical

d-   None of the above

18. In case of syngenic transplantation of stem cell is

a-   The donor is genetically identical

b-   The recipient is also the donor

c-   The donor & recipient are not genetically identical

d-   None of the above

19.   In allogenic transplantation of stem cell

a-   The donor is genetically identical

b-   The recipient is also the donor

c-   The donor & recipient are not genetically identical

d-   None of the above

20. Autologous stem cell transplantation can also be usefull for gene therapy to correct a disorder caused by a defective gene. Such as introduction of the ---------- gene to correct SCID, a form of immuno- deficiency

a-     Adenosine deaminase (ADA)

b-    Adenosine aminase

c-     Notch

d-    Ikaros

Answer:1-a, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b, 5-b, 6-a, 7-b, 8-b, 9-a,10- a, 11-b, 12-a, 13-a, 14-a, 15-b, 16-c, 17-b, 18-a, 19-c, 20-a

Contributed by- Nargis K.